Related:
prolactin binds with the prolactin receptor PRLR, a class I cytokine receptor, present in multiple tissues. PRLR controls cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and intracellular ion concentration. Influences secondary cascades: JAK-STAT pathway, Ras-Raf-MAPK, JAK-RUSH, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway[^1]
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Prolactin
Prolactin (PRL) is a pleiotropic polypeptide hormone secreted primarily by the lactotrophic cells of anterior pituitary gland in vertebrates (Freeman et al. 2000). This hormone family includes placental lactogen (PL) and growth hormone (GH) (Corbacho et al. 2002). Prolactin plays a major role in lactation and reproduction and has been shown to have a multitude of effects relating to growth, development, metabolism, immunoregulation and protection (Ben-Jonathan et al. 2006). The prolactin signaling pathway is initiated by the binding of prolactin with the prolactin receptor (PRLR), a member of class I cytokine receptor superfamily (Binart et al. 2000), which is expressed in a variety of tissues. The PRLR comprises of an extracellular ligand binding domain, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. The PRLR lacks intrinsic kinase activity and transduces signal through kinases that interact with its cytoplasmic tail. Three constitutively active variants of the receptor have been reported in humans (Goffin et al. 2010). Though the signaling reactions downstream of the longest isoform of prolactin receptor have been well established, little is known about prolactin signaling initiated by six other isoforms (Bouilly et al. 2011).